Im Laufe der Jahre zeigt sich, dass die Polarkappen in der Arktis als auch in der Antarktis dramatisch weg schmelzen. Alleine in den letzten 20 Jahren hat sich die Eismasse an Nord- und Südpol um 4.000 Milliarden Tonnen verringert. Satellitenmessverfahren zeigen, dass die Masse in manchen Regionen zwar zunimmt, sich aber im Schnitt dramatisch verflüchtigt. Während die Eisschicht in Grönland beispielsweise 152 Milliarden Tonnen an Eismasse pro Jahr verliert, nimmt der Eispanzer in der Ostantarktis um 59 Milliarden Tonnen zu. Die Gründe hierfür wurden bislang noch nicht erforscht.
Das hieraus entstehende Schmelzwasser lässt den Spiegel der Weltmeere dramatisch steigen. Nimmt man alle Eisregionen zusammen, verursachten diese eine Anhebung des Meeresspiegels um etwa 5,5 cm seit dem Jahr 1993. Diese Quote könnte bis zum Ende des 21. Jahrhunderts auf dramatische 1,9 Meter ansteigen.
Diese Tatsache würde fast die Hälfte der Weltbevölkerung bedrohen. Alleine die USA würde ein höherer Meeresspiegel mehr als 150 Milliarden Dollar kosten. Kleinere Länder im Pazifischen Ozean würden gar komplett im Meer versinken.
Schuld an der Polarkappenschmelze ist nicht nur der globale Temperaturanstieg. Milliarden Tonnen an Eismasse wird ebenso einfach durch frei gewordenes Schmelzwasser unterspült und so vom sogenannten Schelfeis, der Haupteisschicht die mit dem Festland verbunden ist, getrennt und aufgelöst.
Da sich dieser Vorgang in naher Zukunft immer mehr verselbstständigen wird, wird es immer wichtiger dagegen anzukämpfen. Man muss nur damit beginnen.
Ein Artikel von: Benjamin Simonis
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